1813 年,法国东方学家傅尔蒙(Fourmont l aîné)的弟子小德经(Joseph de Guignes, 1721-1800)编纂出版了《汉法拉丁文词典》(Le Dictionnaire chinois, français et latin),其中汉字“凰”的注释中写道:“鹰,雌鹰”(aigle, la femelle d un aigle)(Guignes 49)。
1815 年,苏格兰传教士马礼逊(Robert Morrison, 1782-1834)在澳门出版了《汉英字典》(A Dictionary of the Chinese Language)第一卷。
这部字典通常被视为世界上第一部汉英字典。
字典第一卷中也有关于凤凰的词条:“a pair of birds,apparently quite imaginary, the latter is the female. They are, when they appear, ominous of peace and happiness. The female is said to have the head of a fowl, the neck of a serpent, the chin of a swallow, the back of a tortoise, and the tail of a fish. It is particoloured, and six cubits high. These birds come from 丹穴山 Tan heuě shan, ‘Tan-heuě hill. ’”(Morrison 213)。
1877 年,阿默兰(A.-M. Hamelin)主编的《汉法初级字典》(Dictionnaire alphabétique chinois- français de la langue)在巴黎出版。 阿默兰开始把“菲尼克斯”带入对凤凰的注解:“鳳,Fòng,鹰 / 鳯凰,Fong-Kouang,鹰,菲尼克斯”(Hamelin 161)。
著名汉学家顾赛芬神父(Séraphin Couvreur, 1835-1919)编撰、1884 年天主教传教会(Mission catholique)在中国印刷出版的《法汉字典:含汉语常用词汇》(le Dictionnaire Français-Chinois contenant les expressions les plus utilisées de la langue mandarine)则更加直接。 编写者简单明了地在词条中写道:“菲尼克斯(Phénix), 凤凰,Foung hoang ”(Couvreur 1884:697)。
^ Strassberg, Richard (2002). A Chinese Bestiary. ISBN 978-0520218444.
^ "The Chinese Sky". International Dunhuang Project. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
^ Wang, Li (王力) (1982). 《同源字典》 (Dictionary of Word Families). Beijing: Commercial Press. p. 318. Cited in Schuessler, Axel (2007). ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 239
^ Miyake, Marc (5-6 November 2015) "Old Chinese type A/type B in areal perspective: Recent Advances in Old Chinese Phonology beyond Boundaries", a talk given atRecent Advances in Old Chinese Historical Phonology held at SOAS, University of London; under the auspices of the European Research Council Grant Beyond Boundaries: Religion, Region, Language and the State. Slide 43 of 49
^ Rosen, Brenda (2009). The mythical creatures bible : the definitive guide to legendary beings. New York: Sterling. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-4027-6536-0. OCLC 244063992.
^《菲尼克斯 / 凤凰——神话的诞生》 罗湉 中国比较文学 2023 年第 1 期
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